Intermediate
60 mins
Teacher/Student led
+85 XP
Teacher-led from the board — pupils need no device

Reading a Bill: Electricity

Explore the components of an electricity bill including unit charges based on usage, fixed standing charges, and VAT. Break down a sample bill line by line and recalculate totals using given rates and data for a maths portfolio task.

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    1 - Getting Started ~5 mins

    You open the electricity bill and the total looks wrong. Before you ring the supplier, you need to know what you are looking at. An electricity bill is not one number — it is a unit charge for the power you used, a standing charge for the days you were connected, and VAT on both. Today you pull a real-style bill apart line by line, then rebuild the total from the usage data yourself.

    2 - What You'll Learn ~8 mins

    Three parts make up a typical electricity bill. Read the table, then look at the bill snapshot underneath — the same three parts, already worked out.

    ConceptWhy it mattersExample
    Unit charge — price per kWh of electricity usedThis is the part that grows when you leave lights and heaters on742 kWh at 35.4c each
    Standing charge — fixed amount per day for being on supplyYou pay it even if the house is empty for a week61 days at 61.5c per day
    VAT — percentage tax on the subtotal of both chargesVAT is charged on the combined subtotal, not only on the units9% of (unit charge + standing charge)

    Watch the bill below. Notice the subtotal row that appears just before VAT — that is the figure the percentage is applied to.

    3 - Try It Yourself ~17 mins

    Three different bills, same rates. For each one, rebuild the total yourself: unit charge, standing charge, subtotal, VAT at 9%, then total to pay. Work the total out on paper first, then set the kWh and the days on the interactive and tap Check — it rebuilds every line and tells you whether the bill lands on the target. If your paper total and the screen disagree, find which line you differ on before moving on.

    Work these three in order:

    1. 500 kWh over 61 days
    2. 742 kWh over 30 days
    3. 900 kWh over 61 days

    After each Check, say which part moved more than the original bill — the unit charge or the standing charge.

    Three bills: rebuild each total

    4 - Recalculate the Bill ~15 mins

    Now rebuild the original bill on paper without looking at the total. Work each line in order. Predict the answer before you check it.

    Rebuild the electricity bill

    5 - Electricity Bill Breakdown ~10 mins

    Your Portfolio Build for today is an annotated electricity bill. Every line must be named, explained, and checked against the usage data so somebody else can follow your working.

    Instructions: Use the sample figures from the lesson (742 kWh, 61 days, 35.4c/kWh, 61.5c/day, 9% VAT). For each line, write what it is and how the euro amount is worked out. Finish by checking that your total matches the bill total.

    Work each row in order onto a fresh page in your Maths Portfolio. Show the working, not just the answer.

    Write these down the page, leaving room under each for your answer:

    1. Electricity used — 742 kWh at 35.4c per kWh: Name this line (unit charge). Show the working in euro and write the amount.
    2. Standing charge — 61 days at 61.5c per day: Name this line (standing charge). Show the working in euro and write the amount.
    3. Subtotal before VAT: Add the unit charge and the standing charge. Why does VAT use this figure?
    4. VAT at 9%: Show 9% of the subtotal. State clearly that VAT is on both charges together.
    5. Total to pay: Add subtotal and VAT. Write the final total with the euro sign.
    6. Check: does your total match €327.21? If not, circle the line where the working went wrong and rewrite it.
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