Look at this rectangle. The top is labelled 6 cm and one side is labelled 3 cm. The other two sides have no numbers on them yet.
What must those two sides be? And how can you be so sure without measuring them?
Display the rectangle labelled only along the top (6 cm) and down one side (3 cm). Take three hands-up answers, not open call-outs. Listen for pupils who say the opposite sides must match.
Watch as we add the sides all the way around: 6 + 3 + 6 + 3. The two long sides match and the two short sides match, so the perimeter is 18 cm.
A square is a special rectangle where every side is the same. Watch four lots of 5 added together to make the way around.
This long thin one still has two pairs of matching sides. Watch us fill the missing sides in first, then add.
Walk each of the three worked examples aloud, one at a time.
Let's work through some rectangles together. I'll set the two sides each time, and you fill in the matching opposite sides and read off the perimeter. Each time, check that the two opposite sides really do match before you add.
This round is for talking it through together — pupils take turns at the board and the class agrees or corrects out loud.
The widget starts on a 4 cm by 3 cm rectangle. After the first pupil reads its perimeter, drag the rectangle's corner handles to re-set new given sides for the next pupil. Run four or five rectangles in turn (for example 4 by 3, then 5 by 2, then 6 by 4, then 3 by 3, then 8 by 2), each time asking the pupil at the board to fill in the matching opposite sides first, then read off the perimeter. Have the class confirm each opposite pair matches before the total is read. Watch for the common slip of measuring all four sides as if they were different.
In your maths copy, draw a 5 cm by 3 cm rectangle. Write the length on all four sides, then write the perimeter sentence with its total underneath.
Walk the room glancing at whether pupils have written a number on every side and added each one once — this is whole-class copybook practice, not marking.
Let's work through these shapes together, one picture at a time on the board: a 4 cm by 4 cm square, a 6 cm by 3 cm rectangle, a 7 cm by 4 cm rectangle, and an L-shape made from two rectangles. For each shape we look at, find the hidden sides first, then add all the way around.
Find the perimeter of each of these shapes by filling in any missing sides first, then adding all the way around.
Ways to start:
Stretch:
This round is the practice bank — pupils take turns at the board, check each answer, and the class confirms before moving on. Show each shape on screen in turn so the class can see the one they are working on, including the L-shape. Keep the board work brisk rather than over-explaining.
For each shape ask which sides are hidden and how the pupil found them, then read the perimeter. The 7 by 4 rectangle is new practice, not a repeat of a modelled example, so give it a moment more. The L-shape stretches the strongest pupils — there are six sides to track and two must be worked out from the others. Callout to keep saying: which sides are hidden, and how do you find them?
If you know the long side and the short side of a rectangle, why don't you need to measure the other two sides at all?
Listen for pupils naming the two pairs of matching sides as the reason. Revoice a strong answer: so the opposite sides are always equal, which means two measurements tell us all four. Head off the idea that every side must be measured separately.
Next we move from the way around a shape to the space inside it, counting square units to find area.
Keep this brief. Tie the missing-side idea back to the L-shape in the challenge — finding hidden sides will matter again for more complex shapes.
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