Here is a question to chew on: 34 × 26. That looks like a hard sum to do in one go. But what if we could break it into easier multiplications and then add them together?
How could we split 34 and 26 into smaller, friendlier pieces?
Take two or three hands-up answers, not open call-outs. You are fishing for the idea of splitting into tens and units (30 + 4, 20 + 6) — if nobody offers it, say 'what if we split each one into its tens and units?' and move straight on. Keep this to one minute; the splitting is built properly in the next step.

Watch as the rectangle is split. 34 breaks into 30 and 4 down the side; 26 breaks into 20 and 6 along the top. That makes four boxes. Each box is one piece of the answer — we call it a partial product. We add all four partial products together for the total.
Now a three-digit number. 123 splits into 100, 20 and 3; 14 splits into 10 and 4. More boxes, so more partial products to add, but the same idea every time.
One more. 256 splits into 200, 50 and 6; 23 splits into 20 and 3. Look at which box is the biggest, and think about why.
Walk each example aloud, one at a time.
Stress that the partial products always add back to the same total — partitioning never changes the number.
Now we build one together: 47 × 38. We split each factor into its tens and units — 47 becomes 40 and 7 down the side, 38 becomes 30 and 8 along the top. That makes four boxes, one partial product in each. Filling them in, the boxes are 40 × 30 = 1,200, then 40 × 8 = 320, then 7 × 30 = 210, then 7 × 8 = 56. Add all four partial products for the total.
This round is for talking it through together — a pupil at the board fills one box at a time and the class agrees or corrects out loud.
The split is already into tens and units (40 + 7, 30 + 8). Before each box is confirmed, pose a quick question to the whole class — 'what does this box come to?' — take two hands-up answers, then revoice the agreed one so the back rows hear a classmate reason it out. Watch for the common slip of multiplying 40 × 30 as 120 instead of 1,200 — head it off by saying 'four tens times three tens is twelve hundreds'.
In your maths copy, draw the area-model grid for each of these products. Write each partial product inside its box, then add them for the total. Box the final answer.
Walk the room glancing at how the boxes are labelled and whether the partial products add up correctly — this is whole-class copybook practice, not marking. Look for pupils dropping a zero on the tens × tens box.
Today we work through these four products together, each one a step harder: 47 × 38, then 152 × 24, then 263 × 35, then 318 × 46. Split both factors into their place-value parts, fill in every partial product, and add them for the total.
This round is the practice bank — pupils take turns at the board, check each answer, and the class confirms before moving on. Keep the board work brisk rather than over-explaining.
For each product ask 'which partial product is the largest here, and why?' — it is always the box made by the two biggest place-value parts. With 263 × 35 and 318 × 46, watch for pupils forgetting one of the six boxes; count the boxes aloud before adding.
Why does breaking a number into its place-value parts never change the answer? When you added all the boxes, did you ever get a different total from a friend who split the numbers a different way?
Listen for pupils explaining that the parts always add back to the whole number, so the rectangle's total area is the same however you slice it. Revoice a strong answer: 'so no matter how we cut the rectangle, the whole area stays the same — that's why the total never changes.' Head off the idea that a different split gives a different answer.
Next we use estimation alongside long multiplication, rounding first to check our answers are sensible.
Recap the three bullets quickly, pointing back at one of the area-model grids still on screen. Keep this under two minutes.
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